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Imperial Airship Scheme
The British Imperial Airship Scheme was a 1920s project to improve communication between Britain and the distant countries of the British Empire by establishing air routes using airships. This led to the construction of two large and technically advanced airships, the R100 and the R101. The scheme was terminated in 1931 following the crash of R101 in October 1930 while attempting its first flight to India.
==Background==
In July 1921 A. H. Ashbolt, the Agent-General for Tasmania, proposed the creation of an Imperial Airship Company to the Imperial Conference being held in London. The use of heavier-than-air craft over such distances was seen as impractical at this time.〔Shute, Nevil, ''Slide Rule''. London: William Heinemann, 1954 page 56: "It was generally agreed in 1924 that the aeroplane would never be a very suitable vehicle for carrying passengers across the oceans, and that airships would operate all the long-distance routes of the future.〕 This was to be partly financed by the countries of the Empire, with some funding from private sources and the rest provided by the British government. A sub-committee chaired by Frederick Guest, the Secretary of State for Air, was established to investigate the idea. Although this reported favorably, no firm decision was reached since the members considered that further consultation with the various governments of the nations of the Empire was needed, and eventually none excepting Australia thought that they could afford the investment.〔Higham 1961, pp.232-4〕
In 1922 Vickers - which had been involved in British airship construction since His Majesty's Airship No. 1 in 1911 - proposed a scheme for the development of large commercial airship to provide a passenger service to link the countries of the British Empire. Named the "Burney scheme" after its creator Dennistoun Burney, it involved the construction of six airships at an estimated cost of £4 million to be constructed and operated by Vickers.〔("The Airship Scheme" ) ''Flight'' 6 April 1922〕 £1.2 million would be raised by the issue of shares paying 6% per annum, and a further £2.2 million was to be raised by the issue of debentures. Both would be guaranteed by the British government and by India and Australia, the total public liability being estimated at £119,000 per annum.〔Higham 1961, p 237〕
The Burney Scheme was referred to a sub-committee of the Committee for Imperial Defence for consideration. Although this committee reported favourably in August 1922, no action was taken by the Government until after the General Election of 1922, which returned a Conservative government led by Andrew Bonar Law. The new government re-established the advisory committee to explore the financial details of the scheme and also established an Advisory Panel to examine technical and operational matters. This was chaired by the Air Member for Supply and Research Air vice-marshal Geoffrey Salmond, and included among its members Burney and C. B. Thomson. Although the Burney Scheme was approved in principle, its adoption was delayed by Treasury misgivings about the financial details.〔Masefield 1982, pp 450-1〕
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